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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaspmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Прикаспийский вестник медицины и фармации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/2712-8164-2024-4-28-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaspmed-41</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура и анализ причин преждевременных родов в Астраханской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structure and analysis of the causes premature birth in the Astrakhan region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишкова</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishkova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Геннадьевна Тишкова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии педиатрического факультета с курсом последипломного образования</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol’ga G. Tishkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tishkov2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халидолла</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalidolla</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Куангаликызы Халидолла, ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии педиатрического факультета с курсом  последипломного образования</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya K. Khalidolla, resident of the Department</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natali1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насырова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyrova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Динара Асхатовна Насырова, ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии педиатрического факультета с курсом последипломного образования</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara A. Nasyrova, resident of the Department</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinaramanaeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кристина Михайловна Романенко, ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии педиатрического факультета с курсом последипломного образования</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Kristina M. Romanenko, resident of the Department</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kris_romanenko00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тишкова О.Г., Халидолла Н.К., Насырова Д.А., Романенко К.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тишкова О.Г., Халидолла Н.К., Насырова Д.А., Романенко К.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tishkova O.G., Khalidolla N.K., Nasyrova D.A., Romanenko K.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kaspmed.ru/jour/article/view/41">https://www.kaspmed.ru/jour/article/view/41</self-uri><abstract><p>Показатель преждевременных родов, являющихся основной причиной неонатальной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире, растет во многих странах, особенно с низким и средним уровнем дохода населения. Цель исследования – проанализировать структуру и причины возникновения преждевременных родов в Астраханской области. Для реализации поставленной цели был проведен ретроспективный анализ 200 индивидуальных карт беременных (форма 113-у) и историй болезни (форма 003/у) пациенток с ПР за период 20222023 гг., родоразрешенных в Областном перинатальном центре г. Астрахани, который является учреждением III уровня. Статистический анализ выполнен с использованием пакета программ Statistica 7.0 (Developer StatSoft, USA). Научно-исследовательская работа проведена в соответствии с Хельсинской декларацией Всемирной ассоциации «Этические принципы проведения научных медицинских исследований с участием человека». В Астраханской области за период 2018–2023 гг. на фоне снижения числа женщин репродуктивного возраста на 5,75 % отмечено снижение показателя общего числа родов на 20,02 %. На фоне общего снижения числа родов за указанный период отмечается снижение и числа преждевременных родов на 28,3 %. В настоящее время, согласно клиническим рекомендациям, оказание помощи женщинам с риском преждевременных родов осуществляется преимущественно в учреждениях III уровня. Так, показатель экстремально ранних преждевременных родов в Областном перинатальном центре г. Астрахани в 2023 г. составил 84,7 %, что на 24,7 % выше по сравнению с 2018 г. Представленный анализ показал роль различных факторов риска преждевременных родов, в том числе по срокам прерывания беременности. Преждевременные роды относят к трудно управляемым состояниям, где симптоматическое лечение позволяет улучшить неонатальные исходы, но не снижает частоту их развития. Снижение частоты преждевременных родов может быть достигнуто с помощью профилактического применения прогестерона у женщин с предшествующим анамнезом преждевременных родов, а также у тех пациенток, у которых короткая длина шейки матки была выявлена с помощью рутинного трансвагинального ультразвукового исследования, а также путем персонализированной прегравидарной подготовки с учетом анамнеза как внешних, так и индивидуальных факторов риска.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Preterm birth, a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, is increasing in many coun tries, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of the study – to analyze the structure and causes of preterm births in Astrakhan Oblast. To realize this goal, we retrospectively analyzed 200 individual charts of pregnant women (form 113-u) and case histories (form 003-u) of patients with PP for the period 2022–2023 delivered at the Re gional Perinatal Center of Astrakhan, which is a level III institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 7.0 software package (Developer StatSoft, USA). The research work was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the All-World Association of Ethical Principles for Scientific Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. In Astrakhan Oblast for the period 2018–2023, against the background of a decrease in the number of women of repro ductive age by 5.75 %, there was a decrease in the total number of births by 20.02 %. Against the background of the overall decrease in the number of births for the period, there is a decrease in the number of premature births by 28.3 %. Currently, according to clinical recommendations, care for women at risk of preterm labor is provided mainly in level III facilities. Thus, the rate of extremely early preterm births in the Regional Perinatal Center of Astrakhan in 2023 was 84.7%, which is 24.7% higher compared to 2018. The presented analysis showed the role of various risk factors for preterm labor, including the timing of pregnancy termination. Preterm birth is a difficult-to-manage condition, where symptomatic treatment improves neonatal outcomes but does not reduce its incidence. Reduction in preterm birth can be achieved by prophylactic progesterone in women with a history of preterm birth, in those patients in whom short cervical length has been identified by routine transvaginal ultrasound, and by personalized preconception care that takes into account history and both environmental and individual risk factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>преждевременные роды</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preterm birth</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">W.H.O. Preterm birth fact sheets. 2023. URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">W.H.O. 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