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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaspmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Прикаспийский вестник медицины и фармации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/2712-8164-2025-1-6-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaspmed-49</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиморфизм генов: эффективность и безопасность антикоагулянтной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gene polymorphism: effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-2556</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кантемирова</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kantemirova</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Б. И. Кантемирова, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры фармакологии</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>B. I. Kantemirova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor Department of Pharmacology</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-3408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>А. Н. Романова, аспирант, ассистент кафедры фармакологии</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A. N. Romanova, postgraduate student, assistant of the Department of Pharmacology</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-0932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>О. В. Комарова, аспирант кафедры фармакологии</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>O. V. Komarova, postgraduate student, Department of Pharmacology</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кантемирова Б.И., Романова А.Н., Комарова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кантемирова Б.И., Романова А.Н., Комарова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kantemirova B.I., Romanova A.N., Komarova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kaspmed.ru/jour/article/view/49">https://www.kaspmed.ru/jour/article/view/49</self-uri><abstract><p>Антикоагулянтные препараты играют важную роль в снижении риска возникновения осложнений и смертности, которые связаны с возникновением тромботических событий. Для продолжительной пероральной терапии до недавнего времени использовали антагонисты витамина К, однако их применение имеет ряд ограничений. Это высокий процент геморрагических событий, высокая угроза взаимодействия с другими препаратами и пищей, а также необходимость постоянного мониторинга лабораторных показателей крови пациентов. Именно поэтому из-за больших ограничений применения данных препаратов сегодня неотъемлемой частью практического здравоохранения являются новые прямые пероральные антикоагулянты, такие как дабигатран, ривароксабан, апиксабан и эдоксабан. В связи с их широким применением в кардиологии, хирургии, дерматологии, неврологии и многих других отраслях медицины для профилактики тромбообразования, а также с различиями в их фармакокинетике крайне важно изучить генетические детерминанты для возможности эффективного и безопасного назначения этих препаратов. Это поможет прогнозировать дозировку препаратов и использовать их в качестве монотерапии или в комбинации с другими препаратами. Новые пероральные антикоагулянты обладают рядом преимуществ: меньшей вероятностью лекарственного взаимодействия и отсутствием необходимости постоянного мониторинга международного нормализованного отношения. Однако полиморфизмы генов (CYP2C9, ABCB1, CES1, VKORC1), отвечающих за метаболизм новых пероральных антикоагулянтов, могут повлиять на фармакокинетические особенности, что существенно отражается на эффективности и безопасности препаратов. В связи с этим необходима корректировка дозирования для достижения необходимого эффекта и уменьшения риска возникновения нежелательных эффектов. Целью данной работы стал обзор современных данных о влиянии генетического полиморфизма на эффективность и безопасность антикоагулянтной терапии, а также рассмотрение перспектив персонализированного подхода в лечении пациентов. Материалы и методы: поиск статей проводили в базах данных Google Scholar, PubMed и Medline по ключевым терминам и их сочетаниям в названиях, аннотациях и ключевых словах: «фармакогенетика антикоагулянтов», «полиморфизм генов», «фармакогенетические исследования НПОАК», «дабигатран», «апиксабан», «варфарин», pharmacogenetics of anticoagulants, gene polymorphisms, adverse effects of anticoagulant, DOAC. Поиск и отбор источников литературы выполняли с сентября 2024 по декабрь 2024 г. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anticoagulant drugs play an important role in reducing the risk of complications and mortality that are associated with thrombotic events. Vitamin K antagonists have been used for prolonged oral therapy until recently, but their use has a number of limitations. These are a high percentage of hemorrhagic events, a high threat of interaction with other drugs and food, as well as the need for continuous monitoring of laboratory parameters of patients. That is why, due to the great limitations of these drugs, new direct oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban are now an integral part of practical healthcare. Because of their widespread use in cardiology, surgery, dermatology, neurology and many other branches of medicine for the prevention of thrombosis, as well as their differences in pharmacokinetics, it is crucial to study the genetic determinants for the possibility of effective and safe prescribing of these drugs. This will help in predicting the dosage of the drugs and using them as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. They have several advantages over traditional drugs: they have a lower likelihood of drug-drug interactions and no need for continuous monitoring. However, polymorphisms of genes (CYP2C9, ABCB1, CES1) responsible for the metabolism of anticoagulants can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which significantly affects the efficacy and safety of drugs. In this regard, it is necessary to adjust dosing to achieve the necessary effect and reduce the risk of undesirable effects. The aim of this work is to review the current data on the influence of genetic polymorphism on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy, as well as to consider the prospects of personalized approach in the treatment of patients. Materials and methods: articles were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline databases by key terms and their combinations in titles, abstracts and keywords: pharmacogenetics of anticoagulants, gene polymorphisms, pharmacogenetic studies of NPOAC, dabigatran, apixaban, warfarin, pharmacogenetics of anticoagulants, gene polymorphisms, adverse effects of anticoagulants, DOAC. The literature search and selection of literature sources was performed from September 2024 to December 2024.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>новые прямые пероральные антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>полиморфизмы генов</kwd><kwd>метаболизм лекарственных средств</kwd><kwd>цитохром P-450</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>new direct oral anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphisms</kwd><kwd>drug metabolism</kwd><kwd>cytochrome P-450</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров В. И., Герасименко А. С., Кулакова И. С., Шаталова О. В., Амосов А. А., Горбатенко В. С. Механизмы развития COVID-19 ассоциированной коагулопатии. Диагностика. Лечение // Лекарственный вестник. 2021. Т. 15, №. 2. 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