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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kaspmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Прикаспийский вестник медицины и фармации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Title</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/2712-8164-2025-2-16-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kaspmed-73</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфофункциональные и терапевтические аспекты лицевых и глазодвигательных синкинезий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphofunctional and therapeutic aspects of facial and ocular motor synkinesia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-8811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Борисович Петров, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой лечебной физкультуры и физиотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin B. Petrov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kon3048006@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9871-5049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимова</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Олеговна Евдокимова, ассистент кафедры лечебной физкультуры и физиотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana O. Evdokimova, Assistant</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksuhaevd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6063-1410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Васильевна Попова, ассистент кафедры лечебной физкультуры и физиотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Popova, Assistant</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natascha.pnv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей, Новокузнецк, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novokuznetsk State Institute of Further Training of Physicians, Novokuznetsk, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров К.Б., Евдокимова О.О., Попова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров К.Б., Евдокимова О.О., Попова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov K.B., Evdokimova O.O., Popova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.kaspmed.ru/jour/article/view/73">https://www.kaspmed.ru/jour/article/view/73</self-uri><abstract><p>Периферические синкинезии представляют собой непроизвольные мышечные сокращения при произвольных движениях. Чаще всего они возникают в краниофациальной области после поражения лицевого или глазодвигательных нервов (III, IV, VI, VII пары черепно-мозговых нервов), значительно ухудшая качество жизни пациентов. Анализ современной литературы (67 публикаций за 2020–2025 гг.) показывает, что их ключевой механизм – аберрантная регенерация аксонов, дополненная эфаптической передачей, гипервозбудимостью ядер ствола мозга и корковой реорганизацией. Уникальность этих синкинезий обусловлена рядом анатомофизиологических факторов: сильной разветвленностью и малой длиной пораженных нервов, устойчивостью экстраокулярных и мимических мышц к денервации и наличием у них альтернативных источников проприоцепции. Триггерные точки, являясь ранним маркером денервации при прозопопарезе, усиливают гипервозбудимость ядер ствола и требуют обязательной инактивации. Важно отметить, что истинные контрактуры мимических мышц отсутствуют, за них ошибочно принимают тонические формы синкинезий или миокимию. Рубцовая и жироваядегенерация характерны лишь для врожденных дефектов иннервации глазных мышц. Использование периферических синкинезий в методиках кинезитерапии для реабилитации периферических парезов краниофациальной мускулатуры патогенетически не обосновано.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Peripheral synkinesis is involuntary muscle contractions during voluntary movements. Most often, they occur in the craniofacial region after damage to the facial or oculomotor nerves (III, IV, VI, VII pairs of cranial nerves) and significantly worsen the quality of life of patients. Analysis of modern literature (67 publications for 2020–2025) shows that their key mechanism is aberrant axonal regeneration, supplemented by ephaptic transmission, hyperexcitability of brainstem nuclei and cortical reorganization. The uniqueness of these synkinesis is due to several anatomical and physiological factors: strong branching and short length of the affected nerves, resistance of extraocular and facial muscles to denervation and the presence of alternative sources of proprioception. Trigger points, being an early marker of denervation in facial palsy, increase hyperexcitability of the nuclei of the brainstem and require mandatory inactivation. It is important to note that true contractures of the facial muscles are absent; tonic forms of synkinesis or myokymia are mistaken for them. Cicatricial and fatty degeneration are characteristic only of congenital defects of the innervation of the eye muscles. The use of peripheral synkinesis in kinesitherapy methods for the rehabilitation of peripheral paresis of the craniofacial muscles is not pathogenetically justified.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синкинезии</kwd><kwd>мимические мышцы</kwd><kwd>экстраокулярные мышцы</kwd><kwd>жевательные мышцы</kwd><kwd>проприоцепторы</kwd><kwd>денервация</kwd><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>триггерные точки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synkinesis</kwd><kwd>facial muscles</kwd><kwd>extraocular muscles</kwd><kwd>masticatory muscles</kwd><kwd>proprioceptors</kwd><kwd>denervation</kwd><kwd>regeneration</kwd><kwd>trigger points</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boahene K. D. O. Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology of Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis. 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