Today, the practice of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical analysis and environmental monitoring involves the use of a wide range of physical, physicochemical and microbiological methods for determining antibiotics in pharmaceutical substances, dosage forms, biological samples, and environmental objects. However, the need to develop new and improve the applied methods for determining the quantitative content of the active ingredient in an antibiotic is critical. Increasing the accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity of methods is presented as a way to increase the effectiveness and safety of the antibacterial agents used. A review of the literature data allows us to note the continuity of the work of researchers aimed at improving the characteristics of existing analysis methods. A distinctive feature of the modern direction of analytical practice is its interface with information technological support of both a professional level and publicly available items (smartphones), which helps to increase the speed of quality control, as well as the convenience of its implementation in various conditions, including laboratories that do not have expensive laboratory equipment.

Peripheral synkinesis is involuntary muscle contractions during voluntary movements. Most often, they occur in the craniofacial region after damage to the facial or oculomotor nerves (III, IV, VI, VII pairs of cranial nerves) and significantly worsen the quality of life of patients. Analysis of modern literature (67 publications for 2020–2025) shows that their key mechanism is aberrant axonal regeneration, supplemented by ephaptic transmission, hyperexcitability of brainstem nuclei and cortical reorganization. The uniqueness of these synkinesis is due to several anatomical and physiological factors: strong branching and short length of the affected nerves, resistance of extraocular and facial muscles to denervation and the presence of alternative sources of proprioception. Trigger points, being an early marker of denervation in facial palsy, increase hyperexcitability of the nuclei of the brainstem and require mandatory inactivation. It is important to note that true contractures of the facial muscles are absent; tonic forms of synkinesis or myokymia are mistaken for them. Cicatricial and fatty degeneration are characteristic only of congenital defects of the innervation of the eye muscles. The use of peripheral synkinesis in kinesitherapy methods for the rehabilitation of peripheral paresis of the craniofacial muscles is not pathogenetically justified.

When developing wound healing agents, it is necessary to take into account the strength of mucoadhesion and the time of their retention at the application site, since these properties determine the release time of the drug and the effectiveness of the drug. Goal. Selection of a gel base with high rates of mucoadhesion. Materials and methods. 5 model samples of gels made using potentially promising gelling agents with a high degree of mucoadhesion were selected as objects of research: chitosan, sodium alginate, carbopol, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose. To study mucoadhesion, the separation force of gel compositions and the retention time at the application site were determined. Results. As a result of the conducted research, a composition was selected that is able to maintain its structure longer and remain at the application site, ensuring a long-term release of the active component. Conclusion. In the course of the conducted research, the choice of a promising basis for creating a wound-healing gel was substantiated. Based on the data obtained, carbopol was selected as the optimal gel-forming agent.

According to the World Health Organization Global Oral Health Report 2022, the number of people suffering from oral diseases worldwide is estimated at almost 3.5 billion. Caries of permanent teeth affects 2 billion people worldwide and 514 million children have caries of replaceable teeth. Pharmacotherapy of periodontal diseases involves an integrated approach that combines the use of drugs with multidirectional effects. Gel is the most promising dosage form for a dental drug. In this regard, it is of interest to develop a soft dosage form for the treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa with a complex effect. Objective. Conducting comparative biopharmaceutical studies of 8 gel compositions to select the optimal composition of the wound healing gel. Materials and methods. The main active ingredients in the samples are tizol, L-arginine and peony extract; the following were used as bases: a mixture of polyethylene glycol 400 and polyethylene glycol 1500, vaseline-lanolin base, a mixture of lanolin and lecithin, carbopol, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate and chitosan. The testing was carried out according to the main indicators of gel quality. The first stage was to determine the thermal and colloidal stability of the presented samples. Then, the
homogeneity of the gel compositions was assessed. The final stage was to study the degree of release of active components into the gelatin gel. Results. As a result of the conducted research, samples were selected that meet the requirements of regulatory documentation for the studied quality indicators. Conclusion. It was established that compositions based on carbopol and sodium alginate are the most promising for further research.

The plants of the genus Scutellaria of the Lamiaceae family, which includes more than 420 species, are a promising object for study due to their unique chemical composition. The wide range of pharmacological effects, the structural similarity of the substances included in their composition with compounds – metabolites present in the human body, prove their enormous potential, making them an object of scientific research, and determines the use of some representatives in traditional and folk medicine. In the context of the growing interest of the population in phytomedicine and the principles of a healthy lifestyle, the prospects of studying the biological activity of Scutellaria galericulata L. as a plant object that can be used as a raw material for the production of medicines are obvious. The aim of the study was to determine the total content of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glycoside in various morphological parts of Scutellaria galericulata L. cultivated in the Astrakhan region, taking into account the vegetative phase. Research materials and methods. The objects of the study were stems, leaves, flowers and roots of Scutellaria galericulata L. The moisture content was determined according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XV edition. Study results. The data obtained during the humidity study confirmed the compliance of the indicators with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia, which allowed us to proceed to the next stage of the study aimed at identifying the localization of flavonoid content in the studied object. The maximum content of substances of this group, in terms of luteolin-7-glycoside, was recorded in the roots, leaves and flowers of Scutellaria galericulata L. It was shown that the stems contain  a minimum amount of flavan derivatives. It was shown that the highest concentrations of flavonoids in the roots were achieved at the end of the growing season. The content of flavonoids in the leaves depended on its stage: the beginning of vegetation, budding and flowering. Significant fluctuations in the level of phenolic compounds in the flowers were not established, probably due to the limited periods of sample collection, as a result of which the roots contained more flavonoids compared to the leaves, significantly exceeding the stems and flowers in their content. Conclusion. The data of the experimental study indicate the need to correlate the vegetation period and the location of biologically active substances with their quantitative content in the plant. The established relationship will subsequently allow us to determine the optimal storage conditions for medicinal plant raw materials, as well as the features of obtaining medicines based on it, guaranteeing their quality and safety.

The problem of myopia growth in children is currently a topical issue among ophthalmologists around the world, since complications caused by myopia can gradually lead to a persistent decrease in visual functions. The purpose. To assess the effect of Stellest spectacle lenses on the dynamics of individual indicators of myopia progression in children of different age groups. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the clinical sites of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Astrakhan State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Turkmen State Medical University named after M. Garryev in the period from January to December 2024. The study group included 100 children (200 eyes) of the main group – 53 boys (53 %) and 47 girls (47 %), who were prescribed Stellest spectacle lenses and 45 children (90 eyes) of the control group – 25 girls (55.6 %) and 20 boys (44.4 %), who were prescribed monofocal glasses. All patients were aged 4 to 12 years with acquired moderate myopia without concomitant pathology of the visual organ. Patients of the main and control groups were divided into 3 groups depending on age. The examination list included such studies as manifest and cycloplegic refractometry,
visometry without correction and with full correction, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, determination of the anteriorposterior axis of the eye on an optical biometer (Topcon Aladdin), the nature of vision using a four-point color test, the volume of absolute accommodation, determination of the reserves of relative accommodation in children. The dynamics of the refraction of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye and the data on the reserves of relative accommodation in children of the main and control groups were assessed after 6 months and after a year in comparison with the indicators at the beginning of the observation. Results. Based on the obtained results of the study, we observe that after a year, most children who used Stellest transfocal glasses compared to children who used monofocal glasses have a more pronounced stabilization of refraction during the year, the data of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye changed within the permissible values, a natural tendency to increase the reserves of relative accommodation in both groups was noted, more pronounced in the group of wearing Stellest glasses, which indicates the positive properties of transfocal spectacle lenses on the dynamics of individual indicators of myopia progression in children of different age groups. It is noted that in the group of children aged 8 to 12 years of the main and control groups, the highest percentage of myopia growth is observed, which once again shows the relevance and significance of a more extensive study in the field of transfocal spectacle correction and other methods of monitoring the progression of myopia in children. Conclusion. Early initiation of wearing Stellest spectacle lenses is justified, well tolerated by children aged 4–6 years, allows monitoring the progression of myopia and minimizing potential risks of pathological changes in the eyeball associated with myopia. 

The problem of myopia is currently gaining global proportions. In some cases, the progression of myopia leads to social and professional limitations and disability. Conservative correction methods such as glasses or contact lenses do not always provide high visual acuity and adequate tolerance, especially in patients with anisometropia. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of combined refractive surgery in a patient with high-grade anisometropia. Materials and methods: patient T, 24 years old, was treated with high-grade anisometropia in order to improve visual acuity, and a standard ophthalmological examination was performed to exclude contraindications to surgical treatment. Surgical treatment was performed – implantation of a phakic intraocular lens of the right eye and photorefractive keratectomy of the left eye with an interval of one day. Results: on the first day after surgery of the right eye, uncorrected visual acuity exceeded the maximum corrected visual acuity before surgery and amounted to 0.2. On the fifth day after surgery, upon completion of corneal epithelialization of the left eye, uncorrected visual acuity exceeded the maximum corrected visual acuity before surgery and amounted to 0.8. The results remained stable over the entire follow-up period. Conclusion: in such cases, combined refractive surgery is an alternative method of correction, providing high functional results and visual comfort.