Impact of iron deficiency anemia on reproductive outcomes

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia anemia due to insufficient body iron stores. The following laboratory findings are typical for iron deficiency anemia: microcytic anemia, hypochromia and decreased ferritin. In Russia separately there is an increase in anemia in women of reproductive age year to year. The objective of this study is establishing the effect of iron deficiency anemia to the outcomes and complications of childbirth in patients with infertility after in embryo transfer and vitro fertilization programs. Materials and Methods. The retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in the conditions of the Multidisciplinary Clinic of ―AVA-PETER‖ (―SCANDINAVIA‖), Kazan. 38 outpatient records of women who became pregnant after vitro fertilization and embryo transfer programs were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (main) – patients with a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia; group 2 (control) – patients without a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. Results. The study of pregnancy outcomes revealed that patients with and without iron deficiency anemia have a high percentage of cesarean sections – 76.4 % and 80.5 %. Spontaneous childbirth in 37–41,6 weeks‘ pregnancy is higher in women without iron deficiency anemia – 9.5 %. In women with iron deficiency anemia – 5.8 %. Spontaneous childbirth in premature pregnancy in women with iron deficiency anemia – 17 % and in women without – 9.5 %. The study also analyzed fetus complications. The results indicated that the babies with diagnosis small for gestation age were more common in women with iron deficiency anemia – 41.2 %. The babies with diagnosis large for gestation age were found in both groups. Conclusion. The study revealed that women from 24 to 42 years old with iron deficiency anemia have more comorbidities. The results indicated the large percentage of surgical deliveries for women in both groups. Spontaneous childbirth in premature pregnancy is prevalent in women with iron deficiency anemia. The possibility of a correlation between anemia during pregnancy and fetus complications such as small for gestation age may not be excluded.