Rehabilitation in medicine is one of the essential elements of rehabilitation. In modern practical medicine, rehabilitation is referred to as the third stage of providing medical care to the population, which in turn belittles its effectiveness and significantly postpones the use of rehabilitation measures at a later time. In fact, the rehabilitation potential is already beginning to form at the first contact with the patient (at the stage of diagnosis and active treatment). Rehabilitation measures can be specific depending on the type of nosology and general, suitable for a wide range of diseases. It is at the initial stages and throughout the rehabilitation process that its psychological component is most important for all types of diseases. Mental and social rehabilitation is especially important for people with socially dangerous diseases (pathological dependence, infectious, venereal diseases, etc.). The delayed application of rehabilitation measures, as well as insufficient attention to its psychological component, requires a deeper study of this problem. The purpose of this work was to study and analyze modern literature on various aspects of rehabilitation and find ways to optimize it.

The article provides a review of literature data on the principles of creating multi-targeted drugs and their mechanisms of action, and analyses the results of studying the antimicrobial activity of quinazolinone derivatives that exhibit multi-targeted effects against bacteria of the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter). The search for substances that can affect several targets in a bacterial cell will be a way to solve the problem of pathogen resistance to antimicrobial agents used in modern medical practice.

Arterial hypertension is one of the main risk factors for the development of complications of diseases of the cardiovascular system, the prevalence of which increases with age. The mechanisms of increasing blood pressure in old age are different, the most significant of them is an increase in the stiffness of the artery wall. Isolated systolic arterial hypertension holds a distinct place in elderly and senile patients. The treatment of hypertension in patients of older age groups is much more difficult than in young and middle-aged patients, due to the more frequent development of side effects of antihypertensive therapy, as well as the lack of sufficient studies conducted in this category of patients.

Studying the issues of predicting abruption of a normally located placenta is extremely relevant in modern obstetrics. Purpose of the study: to clarify the clinical data of a pregnant woman predisposing to premature abruption of a normally located placenta. Materials and methods. The birth outcomes of 168 postpartum women were analyzed, who were divided into two groups. The 1st group consisted of 88 pregnant women who experienced premature abruption of the normally located placenta (PONRP). Group 2 included 80 women with a normal pregnancy outcome, but with predictors leading to the development of an obstetric complication such as PONRP. For statistical processing, the application package “Stat Soft Statistica Basic Academic for Windows 13” was used. Results. According to the study, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, varicose veins, gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity occurred in 90,9 % and 32,5 %, 88,6 % and 41,25 %, 85,2 % and 42,5 %, 84,0 % and 36,25 %, 80,6 % and 40,0 % of pregnant women from groups 1 and 2, respectively. In group 1, antenatal fetal death occurred in 28 (31,8 %) patients, while in group 2 there were significantly fewer extremely unfavourable outcomes for the fetus: 9 (11,2 %) episodes (p < 0,05). Conclusions. The identified and above-mentioned clinical data found in pregnant women should be considered risk factors for the development of placental abruption.

One of the correct approaches to assessing possible risks associated with the use of drugs in pediatric practice is to study information about adverse reactions to drugs not only in Russia, but also abroad. The purpose of the work is to analyze the frequency of adverse reactions when using various groups of drugs in a multidisciplinary children's hospital in the Astrakhan region. The most common adverse reactions were observed when using antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics-antipyretics, radiocontrast drugs, and drugs for general anesthesia. The most common adverse reactions in children were urticaria, angioedema, allergic cough, bronchospasm, and leukopenia. The data obtained allow us to assess the potential risks of using these drugs in children.

Today, duodenal ulcer and chronic gastroduodenitis represent a serious problem in clinical medicine. According to modern medical reviews, despite the undoubted commonality of pathogenetic mechanisms, deviation in the implementation of duodenal ulcer or erosive gastroduodenitis is largely dictated by a genetically predetermined variant of the cytokine response. Purpose of the study: to determine the clinical significance of changes in IL-1β levels in blood serum and gastric secretions in children with duodenal ulcer and erosive gastroduodenitis. Results. A unidirectional statistically significant increase in the level of secretory and serum IL-1β relative to control values during the period of exacerbation of duodenal ulcer and erosive gastroduodenitis was determined. During the period of remission, a statistically significant decrease in IL-1β levels occurs: in the blood serum to control values, in gastric secretions – with elevated levels remaining. A statistically significant prevalence of serum IL-1β levels in patients with erosive gastroduodenitis relative to the indicators detected in patients with duodenal ulcer was established. Conclusion: it is advisable to monitor the level of IL-1β in the blood serum to clarify the phase of the inflammatory process in patients with a mild clinical picture.

The relevance of burn traumatism on the territory of the Russian Federation is shown up on the example of the performed analysis of the burn department work of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Alexandr-Mariinskiy Regional Clinical Hospital of the Astrakhan region. With the aid of such data, it is feasible to contemplate the accessibility of high-tech medical care delivery in this direction, as well as to devise additional initiatives for the advancement of the department.

The aim of the study was to study the effect of the extractant on the completeness of the yield of biologically active substances in the development of an extraction form based on the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were extracts of Elaeagnus argentea leaves obtained in a ratio of 1:5 by infusing in a water bath at a temperature of 60 °C for 2 hours with periodic stirring. Purified water and ethyl alcohol in concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 80 and 96 % were used as extractants. The completeness of the BAS yield was estimated by the “dry residue” indicator and the amount of flavonoids and saponins in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside (CAS No. 5373-11-5, purity of the base substance more than 98 %) and oleanolic acid (CAS No. 508-02-1, purity of the base substance more than 99 %), respectively. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the highest dry residue index, the amount of scrip of flavonoids and saponins were determined in the extraction, where ethyl alcohol of 60% concentration was used as an extractant. Conclusion. Thus, when extracting based on the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea, it was found that the optimal extractant is ethyl alcohol 60 %, when used, the highest value of the "dry residue" indicator and the amount of flavonoids and saponins are noted.

A case of bilateral implantation of a phakic toric intraocular lens “IPCL V2.0 TORIC” in a patient with moderate refractive amblyopia and high myopia is considered. The results of dynamic observation are presented: refraction data and indicators of maximum correctable visual acuity in the preoperative and postoperative periods, which allow monitoring the results of the surgical period with determining the timing of the postoperative period.

Bladder ruptures are a serious injury to the abdomen and pelvis. The development of urinary leaks, peritonitis and septic complications cause a high mortality rate in this pathology. In the vast majority of cases, the cause of bladder rupture is trauma. Much less common are the so-called spontaneous ruptures of the bladder, in which the main cause is weakness of the muscle wall, against which a minimal increase in intravesical pressure leads to rupture of the organ according to a typical hydrodynamic mechanism. The rarity of this pathology, the variety of etiological factors, and the absence of any specific clinical manifestations in most cases lead to delayed diagnosis, which negatively affects the results of treatment. This paper summarizes the literature data and our own clinical experience in treating patients with spontaneous rupture of the bladder. The above analysis of clinical observations will allow practicing urological surgeons to be more attentive and purposeful in collecting anamnesis in patients with a clinical picture of an acute abdomen and, if there is a suspicion of spontaneous rupture of the bladder, to use a set of modern diagnostic capabilities. An accurate and timely diagnosis will allow patients to be operated on earlier, before the clinical manifestations of diffuse peritonitis develop, which will have a positive impact on the results of treatment.